A 3D virtual model can also be created by creating a point cloud of the building or facility using laser scanning technology. In the project life cycle context, a 6D model is usually delivered to the owner when a construction project is finished. International Journal of Construction Management. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering. Computing in Civil Engineering. Royal Academy of Engineering. 4D BIM, an acronym for 4-dimensional building information modeling, refers to the intelligent linking of individual 3D CAD components or assemblies with time- or scheduling-related information. 3D BIM, an acronym for three-dimensional building information modeling, refers to the graphical representation of an asset's geometric design, augmented by information describing attributes of individual components. 6D BIM, an acronym for 6-dimensional building information modeling, is sometimes used to refer to the intelligent linking of individual 3D components or assemblies with all aspects of project life-cycle management information. Fire safety plans are a useful tool for fire fighters to have because they allow them to know critical information about a building that they may have to go into. Today, BIM use is still not mandated in the country while several challenges have been identified for its implementation in the country. In June 2016, McKinsey & Company identified 5D BIM technology as one of five big ideas poised to disrupt construction.

Capital Facilities Industry. National Institute of Standards and Technology. In addition to its potential clarity and transparency, it may help promote standardization across the industry. Health and safety issues include potential cancer risk from exposure to glass fibers, formaldehyde off-gassing from the backing/resin, use of petrochemicals in the resin, and the environmental health aspects of the production process. Icynene has a Global warming potential of 1. Flammability is relatively low. The degree of flammability in air depends largely upon the volatility of the material - this is related to its composition-specific vapour pressure, which is temperature dependent. While not necessary to be a TAB contractor, many contractors tend to hold professional air balancing certifications. Unscrupulous contractors may "fluff" insulation using fewer bags than optimal for a desired R-value. That is, all AABC TAB agencies can only be testing and balancing contractors. Testing is the use of specialized and calibrated instruments to measure temperatures, pressures, rotational speeds, electrical characteristics, velocities, and air and water quantities for an evaluation of equipment and system performance. Additives such as latex or bitumen are added to increase water resistance.

Moist-spray (also called stabilized) cellulose uses less water to speed up drying time. ASTM Standard C-739 - loose-fill cellulose insulation - covers all factors of the CPSC regulation and five additional characteristics, R-value, starch content, moisture absorption, odor, and resistance to fungus growth. Similarly, many plant-based waste materials can be used as insulation such as nut shells, corncobs, most straws including lavender straw, recycled wine bottle corks (granulated), etc. They usually have significantly less thermal performance than industrial products; this can be compensated by increasing thickness of the insulation layer. Open-cell foam requires trimming after installation, and disposal of the waste material. However, dense-pack cellulose blocks, but does not permanently seal, bypasses, in the way a closed-cell spray foam would. Cellulose is treated with a flame retardant and insect repellent, usually boric acid and sometimes borax to resist insects and rodents. Flame spread is 21 and smoke developed is 217 which makes it a Class I material (best fire rating).

A combustible material is a material that can burn (i.e., sustain a flame) in air under certain conditions. An aluminum foil radiant barrier can be placed either way - the shiny side is created by the rolling mill during the manufacturing process and does not affect the reflective of the foil material. Do not use formaldehyde, CFCs, or HCFCs in manufacturing. Some insulation materials have fire or health risks, some so significant the materials are no longer allowed to be used but remain in use in some older buildings such as asbestos fibers and urea. Often a combination of materials is used to achieve an optimum solution and there are products which combine different types of insulation into a single form. Spray foam is a type of insulation that is sprayed in place through a gun. Polyurethane and isocyanate foams are applied as a two-component mixture that comes together at the tip of a gun, and forms an expanding foam. Closed-cell foam is non-porous, and not moisture-penetrable, thereby effectively forming a semi-permeable vapor barrier. Paper-faced batts are vapor retarders, not vapor barriers. Loose fill insulation fills the wall cavity better than batts.

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