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Expands while curing, filling bypasses, and providing excellent resistance to air infiltration (unlike batts and blankets, which can leave bypasses and air pockets, and superior to some types of loose-fill. Dense-pack cellulose is highly resistant to air infiltration and is either installed into an open wall cavity using nets or temporary frames, or is retrofitted into finished walls. Tripolymer can be installed in wall cavities that have fiberglass and cellulose in them. Such as Tripolymer R-5.1 per inch (ASTM-C-177). While open-cell foams typically have R-values of 3 to 4 per inch (RSI-0.53 to RSI-0.70 per inch), closed-cell foams can attain R-values of 5 to 8 per inch (RSI-0.88 to RSI-1.41 per inch). Closed-cell foam is very strong, and structurally reinforces the insulated surface. Many foam insulations are made from petrochemicals and may be a concern for those seeking to reduce the use of fossil fuels and oil. Although CFCs are no longer used, some use HCFCs or HFCs as blowing agents.

Foam Supplies Incorporated (FSI) in 2002. This is a new generation eco-friendly foam blowing agent that is free of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) based on naturally occurring methyl methanoate. Unlike open-cell foam, closed-cell foam rarely requires any trimming, with little or no waste. Closed-cell foams are superior insulators. However, some foams are becoming available that are made from renewable or recycled sources. Polyurethane and isocyanate foams are applied as a two-component mixture that comes together at the tip of a gun, and forms an expanding foam. Less flammable than polyurethane. One can install batts in two layers across an unfinished attic floor, perpendicular to each other, for increased effectiveness at preventing heat bridging. Loses effectiveness when moist or wet, but does not absorb much water. A heavy oak desk is much harder to ignite, even though the wood fibre is the same in all three materials. Even after this process, the stabilized R-value is very high. Nontoxic, even during application. It also allows application on sloped walls, attics, and similar spaces. Fire resistant - flame spread 5, smoke spread 0 (ASTM-E-84) - will not smoke at all upon direct contact with flame and is a two-hour firewall at a 3.5 in (89 mm), or normal 2 in × 4 in (51 mm × 102 mm) stud wall, application per ASTM E-199.

Non-hazardous. Being fireproof, it will not smoke at all upon direct contact with flame, and is a two-hour firewall at a 3.5 in (89 mm) (or normal 2 in × 4 in (51 mm × 102 mm) stud wall) application, per ASTM E-814 testing (UL 1479). Great for sound deadening; does not echo like other foams. A radiant barrier by itself will not affect heat conducted through the material by direct contact or heat transferred by moist air rising or convection. Open cell foams often have a low exothermic reaction temperature; will not harm coatings on electrical wiring, plumbing or other building components. Great for sound deadening, STC 53 (ASTM E413-73); does not echo like other foams. Depending on usage and building codes and environment, most foams require protection with a thermal barrier such as drywall on the interior of a house. Cork is typically used for acoustic and thermal insulation within walls, floors, ceilings and facades.

Insulation may be categorized by its composition (natural or synthetic materials), form (batts, blankets, loose-fill, spray foam, and panels), structural contribution (insulating concrete forms, structured panels, and straw bales), functional mode (conductive, radiative, convective), resistance to heat transfer, environmental impacts, and more. Provides acoustical insulation (like loose-fill, but superior). Insoluble in water. Disadvantages: Like all foams, it is more expensive than conventional fiber insulations when only comparing sq ft pricing. Resistant to water wicking, but permeable to water vapor. N.B., vapor barriers are usually required by the Building Codes, regardless of the type of insulation used. Foil-faced batts are vapor barriers. Once a permit is issued, the same authority (or another delegated authority) may inspect the site and monitor safety during the exhibition, with the power to halt operations, when unapproved practices are seen or when unforeseen hazards arise. After the plan has been prepared, it must be submitted to the Chief Fire Official or authority having jurisdiction for approval. Local authorities charged with fire safety may conduct regular inspections for such items as usable fire exit and proper exit signage, functional fire extinguishers of the correct type in accessible places, and proper storage and handling of flammable materials. The industry is mitigating this issue by switching to binder materials not containing formaldehyde; some manufacturers offer agriculturally based binder resins made from soybean oil.

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